Energy and mineral geopolitics are today at the heart of international tensions, shaped by the energy transition, supply security, and strategic rivalries. Critical metals, essential for low-carbon technologies, are becoming both levers of power and sources of vulnerability. Fossil fuels, still dominant in the global energy mix, remain a central driver of dependencies and power relations. Looking ahead, these challenges are expected to intensify with the rise of renewable energies, electrification, and the restructuring of global value chains. Incorporating these factors into foresight models and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is therefore essential to anticipate risks, assess the sustainability of technological choices, and inform political and industrial decision-making.